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Anarchist newspaper circulation

This version was saved 6 years, 4 months ago View current version     Page history
Saved by altemark
on November 27, 2017 at 2:16:21 pm
 

Updated: Direkt Aktion (Swe) folded in 2016.

I have been thinking about the circulation of anarchist newspapers and magazines.I know that Mother Earth had a circulation of about 3.000 at its highest point.Liberty's highest circulation was around a thousand. Does anyone else out there have any figures??

 

Just reading 'Sacco and Vanzetti the anarchist background' - I think Avrich gives figures for some of the Italian-american papers. now i know you're interested i can look for numbers. john

Cronaca Sovversiva: 'never exceeded four or five thousand' - Avrich Sacco and Vanzetti p50.

L'Adunata dei refrattari: rose to 10,000 after WW2 (when copies were being shipped backto Italy) - Berman, The torch and the Axe.

 

According to Maximoff in The Syndicalists in the Russian Revolution: "Newspapers were published not only in the large administrative and industrial centres, like Moscow and Petrograd, which had several Anarchist newspapers (in Petrograd the circulation of the Anarcho-Syndicalist Golos Trouda and the Anarchist Burevestnik was 25,000 each; the Moscow daily Anarchia had about the same circulation), but also in provincial cities, like Kronstadt, Yaroslavl, Nizhni-Novgorod, Saratov, Samara, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, Rostov on Don, Odessa and Kiev. (In 1918, Anarchist papers were coming out in Ivanovo-Vosnesensk, Chembar, Ekaterinburg, Kursk, Ekaterinoslav, Viatka.)"

 

Also Green Anarchy claims their current circulation is between 8000-9000. Ha! Nicole

 

How come I've seen the figure of 10,000 for Mother Earth's peak circulation? i.e. in the introduction to Peter Glassgold's anthology, and I'm sure in a couple of other sources. I've actaully been working on a database of US anarchist newspaper circulations (you stole my idea!); I've got about 29 figures so far (but some are estimates from authorities or historians, and this includes the 10,000 number for ME) and I'll post the results once they're in a more managable form.  --Kenyon

 

Yes.I have seen that.The figure 10,000 comes from Rebel In Paradise and Drinnon offers no source for it.The only figure I have seen EG mention is 3,000, but I'll go and do some counting of subscribers.A couple of other newspapers.According to Marcelino Garcia in "Anarchist Voices"  .." the top circulation of Cultura Proletaria" which I edited from the 1930s till it closed in 1952, was 4,000" (p392) Meanwhile  Frank Brand (Enrico Arrigoni) states that "Eresia" ( 1928-1932) had a print run of 2,000.(pp174) Database eh? Fucking students

 

You know I wouldn't be surprised if  those numbers for GA were correct.Does anyone have any sense of  circulation of other current publications?

 

Another general point,I guess,is the number of subscribers papers had/have.From my own experience, there was a  clear relatioship between number of subscribers to the paper and how long it existed!!

 

This also relates to the question of subscribers vs. circulation (i.e. print run)--I think often the two are conflated. Then of course estimating readership is a whole other question. In addition, there's the fact that anarchist publications knew no borders--papers published in the US went all over the world, while anarchists in the US regularly read foreign, wrote for, and funded papers like Freedom, Der Arbeter Fraynd, Studi Sociali, etc. --Kenyon

 

Chicago Arbeiter-Zeitung 5000 in 1886 (EGPP Book 1). Anarchy: JODA has wide circulation but their numbers are probably extremely inflated. I wonder if they count the dozens of copies sent to us at PLP that I throw straight into the bin. Nicole

 

Yes.One of my reasons for thinking on this issue was just how many anarchists papers got/get out there, beyond subscriber lists.When John on donations to  KSL from various people in the UK I notice there are often 10 copies of the same issue of Class War,all new and pristine.They never went anywhere.I hope that wasn't repeated too much.Anyway I am at the archive this weekend and I'll see what other figures I can find.--Barry

 

You know you're freaking old when you stay up to 4 in the morning on a Friday night reading through the pages of The Blast  trying to figure out the paper's circulation. I scoured every page looking for some kind of clue and here is what I found. According to the 15 March 1916 it cost them $75 to produce each edition. The wholesale cost for the paper was 2.5 cents and a single copy was 5 cents. If we take these figures I would make a conservative estimate that the print run for the Blast at this time was 1500 - 3000 ($75/0.05 or $75/0.025). As to how many people actually read it, who knows. Then in the 15 July 1916 edition, during the height of the anti-preparedness movement, the editors announced that the Blast was going to double its circulation. This is confirmed in the 15 August 1916 edition when the paper states they have printed "an extra large issue this time" (p.7). This was probably necessary due to the attention the paper was receiving in the mainstream press after the bombing and arrests of Mooney, Billings, Nolan and Weinberg. The editors were using the paper to spread the word about their case.  In Anarchist Voices Marion Bell remembers mailing copies of the Blast to people all over the world (including Malatesta in London) from her hometown in AZ after AB had problems mailing it from San Francisco (p. 30). So in the end, I could not find a exact number of readers. Oh well. --Nicole the insomniac

 

 

Well.I finally tracked down the 10,000 number for Mother Earth.It's the figure quoted at Berkman and Goldman's trial in 1917.It was ,I think, a special print run for the June 1917 issue.(I'll confirm that).After reading Nicole's exhaustive assessment of  the print run for The Blast( come on it's healthier thasn hanging around the toilets at the Gilman!!) I am more than ever inclined to see the regular Mother Earth print run as around 3,000.I am pretty sure  that Mother Earth's mailing list was passed on to The Blast.Thank you Kenyon for the other figures.Do you think that 20,000 for FAS is pushing it a bit?

 

Every source says the FAS circulation in by 1914 was between 20-30,000. Mina Graur further says says it had 14,000 _subscribers_ at its height (I don't recall where she got this figure, but probably from the pages of the FAS itself somewhere), which would definitely mean its total circulation would have been significantly higher than 14,000. Two things to keep in in mind are that a lot of FAS readers weren't necessisarily anarchists; under Yanovsky's editorship the FAS became an important source of both labor news in general and of Yiddish literature. Also, Yiddish-speaking Jews were a particularly radical group; the socialist Forverts (Jewish Daily Forward) was the most widely circulated Yiddish paper in the country and peaked at about 250,000 around 1920, so with the FAS we're talking about 1/10 the circulation of the most popular socialist paper, which seems like a reasonable fraction. --Kenyon

 

Firebrand had a cir of around 2000, I would guess by their second year, according to Henry Addis. from "Mary Isaak" by Marcus Graham in Man! an Anthology of Anarchist Ideas, Essays, Poetry and Commentary (1974).

 

Free Society had a circulation of about 1000 is January 1898 and they were trying increase it to 5000 by encouaging people to take out larger subscriptions and then passing them around to friends/comrades etc. They argued that if they could get 2000 paid subscriptions they could increase the total circ to 5000. -- Jessica (I've never found any circ stats for firebrand)

 

The Swedish Anarchist magazine Brand (1898-present day). Published as weekly between 1908 - 1930's

Print run:

1898: 5000

1905: ~10 000

1907: 14 000

1908: 20 000

During periods when authorities seized or closed down the magazine, the editorial committee published special one-off issues under other names instead, for instance

1914 issue Ryska faran : 59 000

Source: Minutes from the control committee of Brand (microfiche, Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv Stockholm)

Will try to find out circulation for present-day Brand (bi-monthly)

 

Swedish anarcho-syndicalist youth magazine Direkt Aktion (published by the Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation) 1996 - 2016 (folded after 20 years of publication)

Print run:

2013: 1000

Source: www.direktaktion.se

 

Arbetaren

- Mikael Altemark

 

 

Allright, below is my updated list

-Kenyon

 

 

Anarchist Periodical Circulation Figures, 1880-1940

 

 compiled by Kenyon Zimmer

 

 

Key:

e = estimate

s = self-reported

r = recollection

p = private correspondence

 

 

 

Title

 

Year(s)

 

Circulation

 

Subscribers

 

 

 

Source

 

Notes

 

L’Adunata dei Refrattari

 

1922-1939

 

c.5,000

 

 

 

Berman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Agitator

 

 

 

1910-1912

 

300+

 

300 s

 

Gorgura

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Alarm (I)

 

1884

 

2,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

3,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

3,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L’Allarme

 

1915

 

2,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:37

 

 

 

 

 

1916

 

6,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amerikanskie Izvestiia

 

 

 

1922

 

 

 

3,000 e

 

 

 

 

 

Davis, 126

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Der Anarchist

 

1886

 

300

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:355; Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Anarchist Soviet Bulletin

 

1919

 

2,000 e; 650,000 s

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004; Anarchist Soviet Bulletin, April 1919

 

Second figure obviously fictitious

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Der Arme Teufel

 

1887

 

2,750

 

 

 

Oestreicher, 159

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

3,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:376

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

3,500

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1894, 1295

 

 

 

 

 

1895

 

7,000

 

 

 

Oestreicher, 157

 

 

 

 

 

1897

 

3,525

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1897, 1352

 

 

 

 

 

1898

 

2,700; 3,525 e

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:376; N. W. Ayer 1898, 1358

 

 

 

 

 

1900

 

3,525; 3,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:376; N. W. Ayer 1900, 1406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L’Avvenire

 

1912

 

4,000

 

 

 

Pernicone, “War,” 81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Budoucnost

 

1884

 

360

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:241

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

750

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Challenge

 

1938

 

5,000 p

 

 

 

[Bluestein] to [Steimer] & [Fléchine]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung

 

1880

 

3,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1881

 

4,500

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1882

 

4,850

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1883

 

5,200

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

5,326

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

5,110

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

5,780

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:389

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

5,000

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

4,600

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1892

 

5,800

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

7,145

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1895

 

15,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:389

 

 

 

 

 

1896

 

15,120

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1898

 

12,560

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1900

 

10,000; 15,000

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100; Bekken, 18

 

 

 

 

 

1910

 

15,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:389

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cronaca Sovversiva

 

1912

 

3,200

 

 

 

Pernicone, “War,” 81

 

 

 

 

 

c.1917

 

4,000

 

 

 

Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti, 50

 

 

 

 

 

1918

 

5,000

 

 

 

Cartosio, 425

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cultura Proletaria

 

c.1927-1939

 

4,000 r

 

 

 

Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dĕlnické Listy

 

1896

 

1,200

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:244

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Delo Truda

 

1939

 

200-300

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:118

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Demonstrator

 

1904

 

c.800

 

 

 

Veysey, 36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discontent

 

1900

 

1,200

 

 

 

Ghormley

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domani

 

1919

 

1,500; 1,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005; Hoerder, ed., 3:60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L’Emancipazione

 

1931

 

3,000

 

2,000+

 

R. De Rango, “Ai compagni,” L’Emancipazione, June 1931

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eresia

 

1928-1930

 

c.2,000 r

 

 

 

Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 174

 

 

 

 

 

1931-1932

 

3,000 s; 3,100 s

 

 

 

Eresia, January 1932, 65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Die Fackel

 

1880

 

5,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:407

 

 

 

 

 

1881

 

5,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1882

 

7,150

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1883

 

9,300

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

10,035

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

10,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

12,200

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

7,500

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

16,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1892

 

20,000

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

24,160

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1895

 

25,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:407

 

 

 

 

 

1896

 

24,600

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1898

 

19,800

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1900

 

15,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1910

 

24,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:407; Bekken, 18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fraye Arbeter Shtime

 

1890-94

 

3-4,000

 

 

 

Sanders, 112; Michels, 100

 

Calculated as ½ circ. of Arbayter Tsaytung

 

 

 

1899

 

4,000

 

 

 

Gordin, 249

 

 

 

 

 

1904

 

20,000

 

 

 

Gordin, 294

 

 

 

 

 

1906

 

20,000

 

 

 

Gordin, 314

 

 

 

 

 

1910

 

15,000 s

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1910, 1160

 

 

 

 

 

1911

 

15,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1911, 1210

 

 

 

 

 

1913

 

12,500 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1913, 637 (too low)

 

 

 

 

 

1914

 

25,000-30,000 s; 12,500 e

 

15,000

 

Gordin, 314; N. W. Ayer 1914, 650; Graur, 244

 

Ayer estimate far too low

 

 

 

1917

 

12,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1917, 1292

 

 

 

 

 

1918

 

12,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1918, 672

 

 

 

 

 

1920

 

12,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism 2:2004; N. W. Ayer 1920, 1300

 

 

 

 

 

1923

 

7,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1923, 1376

 

 

 

 

 

1924

 

7,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1924, 1398

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

7,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1925, 1419

 

 

 

 

 

1935

 

5,000 p

 

 

 

Cohn to Nettlau

 

 

 

 

 

1940

 

10,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1940, 1190

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Di Fraye Gezelshaft (I)

 

1895

 

2,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:579

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Di Fraye Gezelshaft (II)

 

1910

 

6,000-8,000 s

 

 

 

Di Fraye Gezelshaft, January 1910 and May 1910

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free Society (I)

 

1898

 

1,000

 

 

 

“New Year Suggestion,” Free Society, 2 January 1898

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free Society (II)

 

1921

 

1,000+

 

 

 

Busha

 

1,000 copies delivered to Philadelphia alone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freedom (II)

 

1919

 

2,500 s; 2,000 e

 

 

 

Freedom, April-May 1919; Revolutionary Radicalism 2:20006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freedom (III)

 

1933

 

c.2,000 s

 

 

 

Freedom, 18 March 1933

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freiheit

 

1883

 

5,000

 

 

 

Carlson, 205

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

5,000

 

 

 

Carlson, 205

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

5,000

 

 

 

Carlson, 205

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

5,000

 

 

 

Carlson, 205

 

 

 

 

 

1892

 

4,300

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:411

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

4,300

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1894, 538

 

 

 

 

 

1896

 

5,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:411

 

 

 

 

 

1897

 

1897

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1897, 1353

 

 

 

 

 

1904

 

3,500

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1904, 1458

 

 

 

 

 

1905

 

3,500

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1905, 1103; Hoerder, ed., 3:411

 

 

 

 

 

1906

 

5,000

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1906, 1112

 

 

 

 

 

1907

 

5,000

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1907, 1126

 

 

 

 

 

1908

 

5,000

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1908, 1131

 

 

 

 

 

1909

 

4,500

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1909, 1140

 

 

 

 

 

1910

 

4,250

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1910, 1157; Hoerder, ed., 3:411

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Golos Truda

 

c. 1917

 

c. 2,800

 

 

 

“Mailing List—‘Golos Truda’—Russian Nihilist Newspaper”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Golos Truzhenika

 

1920

 

1,500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

1922

 

6,000 s, 700 e

 

 

 

Davis, 126

 

Probably closer to 1,500

 

 

 

1925

 

1,400 p; 5,000 s

 

 

 

Maximov to Mrachnyi; De Leon, 11

 

De Leon definitely inflated

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

La Jaquerie

 

1919

 

3,000

 

 

 

United States Congress, 536

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Khleb i Volia

 

1919

 

4,547

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 1:862

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lampcka

 

1886

 

750

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Land and Liberty

 

1914-1915

 

3,500

 

 

 

Sandos, 61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liberty

 

1890

 

1,000

 

 

 

Martin, 268

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

800

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1894, 543

 

 

 

 

 

1898

 

750

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1898, 572

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lucifer

 

1884

 

900

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1884, 302

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

850

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1885, 311

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

850

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1886, 324

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

850

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1888, 850

 

 

 

 

 

1889

 

1,250

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1889, 187

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

1,676

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1890, 262

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luokkataistelu

 

1919

 

5,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Man!

 

1934

 

 

 

 

 

Nold

 

“the…paper with the most subscribers”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Il Martello

 

1919

 

2,500

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004

 

 

 

 

 

1923

 

6,500

 

 

 

Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105

 

 

 

 

 

1924

 

10,500

 

 

 

Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105

 

 

 

 

 

1929

 

8,000

 

 

 

Pernicone, Carlo Tresca, 105

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Modern School

 

1920

 

500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mother Earth (I)

 

1906-1917

 

c.3,000-4,000

 

 

 

Pateman

 

 

 

 

 

1910

 

6,000

 

 

 

New York Times, 8 May 1910

 

 

 

 

 

1917

 

10,000 (special June issue)

 

 

 

Pateman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Den Nye Tid

 

1880

 

1,600

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1881

 

1,600

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1882

 

2,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1883

 

2,400

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

2,800

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Di Parole

 

1884-1885

 

2,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:453

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

2,200

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:453

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

1,600

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:453

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

La Plebe

 

1906-1909

 

3,000+

 

3,000

 

Caminita, 47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Práce

 

1886-1887

 

500

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:253

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

La Questione Sociale (I)

 

1899

 

3,500

 

 

 

Panofsky, 290

 

 

 

 

 

1900

 

3,000

 

 

 

Carey, 291

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Il Refrattario

 

1919

 

2,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:852, 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Regeneración

 

1910

 

11,000 s; 17,000 r

 

 

 

Mother Earth, April 1911; Freedom (London), December 1922

 

 

 

 

 

1915

 

3,986

 

 

 

Sandos, 59,

 

 

 

 

 

1916

 

10,500 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1916, 1286

 

Too high

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Le Rèveil des Mineurs

 

1890-1893

 

5,000

 

 

 

Creagh, 149

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Road to Freedom

 

1925

 

1,200 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 26

 

 

 

 

 

c.1926-1932

 

3,000+

 

3,000

 

Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 432

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

La Sferza

 

1925

 

 

 673+

c. 673 subs.

 

Untitled address list given to Germinal by La Sferza, n.d. [1925], Hugo Rolland Archive, IISH, Folder 15.

 

Total circ. of 1,000-1,500?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spanish Revolution

 

1938

 

7,000 r

 

 

 

Dolgoff, 19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vanguard

 

c.1936

 

c.3,000 r

 

 

 

Avrich, Anarchist Voices, 450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Di Varhayt

 

1889

 

2,500

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:654

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Der Verbote

 

1880

 

5,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1881

 

6,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1882

 

6,500

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1883

 

7,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

7,115

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

8,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124; Hoerder, ed., 3:492

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

8,000

 

 

 

Nelson, Beyond, 124

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

5,000

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

3,150

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1892

 

3,575

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1894

 

4,000

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1896

 

7,300

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1898

 

6,150

 

 

 

Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

1900

 

5,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:492; Nelson, “Arbeiterpresse,” 100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volné Listy

 

1910

 

4,500

 

 

 

New York Times, 8 May 1910

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Woman Rebel

 

1914

 

2,000+

 

2,000 sub. r

 

Sanger, 109

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Word

 

1880

 

1,050 e

 

 

 

Ayer 1880, 295

 

 

 

 

 

1881

 

1,200 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1881, 36

 

 

 

 

 

1882

 

1,300 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1882, 34

 

 

 

 

 

1883

 

1,300 e

 

 

 

Ayer 1883, 35

 

 

 

 

 

1884

 

1,300 e

 

 

 

Ayer 1884, 35

 

 

 

 

 

1885

 

2,050 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1885, 37

 

 

 

 

 

1886

 

2,050 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1886, 37

 

 

 

 

 

1888

 

2,050 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1888, 225

 

 

 

 

 

1889

 

2,025 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1889, 230

 

 

 

 

 

1890

 

2,040 s

 

 

 

Ayer 1890, 319

 

 

 

 

 

1893

 

2,040 e

 

 

 

Ayer 1893, 339

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Die Zukunft

 

1885

 

2,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:504

 

 

 

 

Total American Anarchist Periodicals in Print, 1880-1940

Note: Only publications which lasted more than three issues have been included. Some end dates ferfer to the year a publication ceased to be anarchist in orientation. Additons and corrections are welcome.

 

Publication Language Location Began Ended
         
         
Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung German Chicago 1879 1910
Die Fackel German Chicago 1879 1910
Den Nye Tid Danish Chicago 1877 1884
Der Verbote German Chicago 1874 1910
The Word English Princeton, MA 1872 1893
Liberty English Boston; New York 1881 1908
Freiheit German New York 1882 1910
Budoucnost Czech Chicago 1883 1886
Lucifer English Valley Falls, KS; Topeka, KS; Chicago 1883 1907
The Alarm (I) English Chicago; New York 1884 1889
Der Arme Teufel German Detroit 1884 1900
Die Parole German St. Louis 1884 1891?
Die Zukunft German Philadelphia 1884 1885?
Lampcka Czech Chicago 1885 1886
Der Torpille (cont. as Le Rèveil des Masses) French Newfoundland, PA 1885 1887
Der Anarchist (I) German Chicago 1886 1886
Práce Czech Chicago 1886 1887
L'Anarchico Italian New York 1888 1888
Fair Play (I) English Kansas City; Sioux City 1888 1891
Libertas German Boston 1888 1888
Le Rèveil des Masses (cont. as Le Rèveil des Mineurs) French New York; Newfoundland, PA 1888 1890
Di Varhayt Yiddish New York 1889 1889
Der Anarchist (II) German St. Louis; New York 1889 1895
New Jersey Freie Presse  German Newark, NJ 1889 1890
Egoism English Oakland, CA 1890 1898
Fraye Arbeter Shtime Yiddish New York 1890 1977
Der Morgenshtern Yiddish New York 1890 1890
Le Rèveil des Mineurs (cont. as L'Ami des Ourvriers) French Hastings, PA 1890 1893
Volné Listy  Czech New York 1890 1917
El Despertar Spanish New York 1891 1902
Solidarity English New York 1892 1898
Die Brandfackel German New York 1893 1894
Dĕlnické Listy Czech New York 1893 1898
L'Ami des Ourvriers French Hastings, PA 1894 1896
El Esclavo Spanish Tampa 1894 1898
Freie Wacht!  German Philadelphia 1894 1895
Gazeta Robotnicza Polish Chicago 1894 1894
Secolo Nuovo Italian San Francisco 1894 1906
Duch Volnosti Czech Chicago 1895 1895
The Firebrand (cont. as Free Society) English Portland, OR 1895 1897
Di Fraye Gezelshaft (I) Yiddish New York 1895 1900
La Questione Sociale (I) (cont. as L'Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1895 1908
The Rebel English Boston 1895 1896
Der Kämpfer German St. Louis 1896 1896
Sturmglocke German Chicago 1896 1896
Free Society (I) English San Francisco; Chicago; New York 1897 1904
Sturmvogel German New York 1897 1899
Discontent (cont. as The Demonstrator) English Home, WA 1898 1902
Anarchistas Lithuanian Chicago 1899 1899
L'Aurora (I) Italian West Hoboken, NJ 1899 1901
Germinal French Paterson, NJ 1899 1902
The Free Comrade (I) English Wellesly, MA 1900 1902
Kurejas Lithuanian Chicago 1900 1900
La Protesta Umana Italian San Francisco; Chicago 1900 1905
La Reforma Social Spanish El Paso, TX 1900 1905
La Voce dello Schiavo/La Voz del Esclavo Italian/Spanish Tampa 1900 1901
Wolfsaugen German St. Louis 1900 1901?
L'Alba Sociale  Italian Tampa 1901 1901
Mephisto German St. Louis 1901 1902
Der Zeitgeist German New York 1901 1901
Winn's Firebrand English Mount Juliet, TN; Sweden, TX 1902 1910
Der Zigeuner German Chicago 1902 1902?
El Clarion del Norte Spanish El Paso, TX 1903 1907
Cronaca Sovversiva Italian Barre, VT; Lynn, MA 1903 1919
The Demonstrator (cont. as The Agitator) English Home, WA 1903 1908
El Liberal Spanish Del Rio, TX 1905 1911
The Liberator English Chicago 1905 1906
Die Abend Zeitung  Yiddish New York 1906 1906
Der Anarkhist Yiddish Philadelphia 1906 1906
The Emancipator English San Francisco 1906 1907
Fair Play (II) English New York 1906 1908
Mother Earth (I) English New York 1906 1917
La Plebe Italian New Kensington, PA; Pittsburgh 1906 1909
Dos freie Wort  German New York 1907 1907
Köyhälistön Tahto Finnish Quincy, MA 1907 1907
Resurrección Spanish San Antonio, TX 1907 1907
Revolución Spanish Los Angeles 1907 1908
La Voz de la Mujer Spanish El Paso, TX 1907 1907
Brīvība Latvian New York 1908 1913
Cogito, Ergo Sum Italian/French/English San Francisco 1908 1908
L'Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1908 1917
Reforma, Libertad y Justicia Spanish Austin, TX 1908 1908
Sorgiamo! Italian New York 1908 1909
L'Internazionale Italian Philadelphia 1909 1909
Komunistas Lithuanian Chicago 1909 1910
Volja Serbian San Francisco 1909 1909
The Agitator (cont'd as The Syndicalist) English Home, WA 1910 1912
L'Avvenire Italian Steubenville, OH; New Kensington, PA; Pittsburgh; New York 1910 1917
La Comune Italian Philadelphia 1910 1915
Di Fraye Gezelshaft (II) Yiddish New York 1910 1911
The Free Comrade (II) English Wellesly, MA 1910 1912
Freedom (I) English San Francisco 1910 1911
Novatore Italian New York 1910 1911
Regeneración Spanish Los Angeles 1910 1918
Der Strom German New York 1910 1912
Tiesa Lithuanian Chicago 1910 1910
The Advance English Mount Juliet, TN 1911 1912
Il Contro-pelo Italian Barre, VT 1911 1912
Cultura Obrera Spanish New York 1911 1927
Dos Fraye Vort Yiddish New York 1911 1911
Golos Truda Russian New York 1911 1917
Laisvoji Žmonija Lithuanian Chicago 1911 1913
Melnais Karogs Latvian New York 1911 1914
Revolt (I) Swedish? Chicago 1911 1916
Brazo y Cerebro Spanish New York 1912 1914
The Modern School English New York; Stelton, NJ 1912 1922
Di Frayhayt Yiddish New York 1913 1914
Pluma Roja Spanish Los Angeles 1913 1915
La Rivolta Italian Madison, IL 1913 1914
The Social War English New York 1913 1913
The Syndicalist English Chicago 1913 1913
Zherminal Yiddish New York 1913 1916?
Corriere Libertario Italian Barre, VT 1914 1915
Internationale Arbeiter-Chronik German New York 1914 1914
Land and Liberty English Hayward, CA; San Francisco 1914 1915
La Questione Sociale (II) Italian New York 1914 1916
The Woman Rebel English New York 1914 1914
The Alarm (II) English Chicago 1915 1916
L'Allarme Italian Chicago 1915 1917
Di Fraye Tsukunft Yiddish New York 1915 1916
L'Appello Italian Cleveland 1916 1917
The Blast English San Francisco 1916 1917
Il Martello Italian New York 1916 1946
Vostochnaia Zaria Russian Pittsburgh 1916 1916
Revolt (II) English New York 1916 1916
La Riscossa (I) Italian Brooklyn 1916 1917
Rabochaia Mysl' Russian New York 1916 1917
L'Uomo Nuovo Italian New York 1916 1917
Mother Earth Bulletin English New York 1917 1918
Der Shturm Yiddish New York 1917 1918
The Social War English Chicago 1917 1917
L'Anarchica/Il Diritto/Il Refrattario Italian New York; Providence, RI 1918 1919
Frayhayt Yiddish New York 1918 1918
Kolokol Russian New York 1918 1918
Nabat Russian New York 1918 1918
Robochii i Krest'ianin Russian New York 1918 1919
The Social War Bulletin English New York 1918 1918
The Anarchist Soviet Bullettin English New York 1919 1920
Il Bollettino de L’Era Nuova Italian Paterson, NJ 1919 1919
Domani Italian Brooklyn 1919 1919
Ego English Clinton, IA 1919? 1923?
The Free Spirit English New York; Berkeley Heights, NJ 1919 1921
Freedom (II) English New York; Stelton, NJ 1919 1919
La Jacquerie  Italian Paterson, NJ 1919 1919
Khleb i Volia Russian New York 1919 1919
L'Ordine Italian New York 1919 1920
L'Agitazione Italian Boston 1920 1925
Amerikanskie Izvestiia Russian New York 1920 1924
Free Society (II) English New York 1920 1922
Volna Russian New York 1920 1924
Burevestnik Russian New York 1921 1922
The Egoist English Clinton, IA 1921? 1925?
L'Adunata dei Refrattari Italian New York 1922 1971
La Frusta dei Cloak-Makers Italian New York 1922 1924
Germinal (I) French Chicago 1922 1923
Vilna hromada Ukrainian New York 1922 1922
La Difesa Italian New York 1923 1924
La Rivolta degli Angeli Italian New York 1923 1926
Volia Ukrainy Ukrainian Newark, NJ 1923 1923
The Road to Freedom English Stelton, NJ; New York 1924 1932
La Sferza Italian Westfield, NJ 1924 1925
Umanità Nova Italian New York 1924 1925
La Scopa Italian Paterson, NJ 1925 1928
Der Yunyon Arbeter Yiddish New York 1925 1927
Germinal (II) Italian Chicago 1926 1930
Rassvet Russian New York; Chicago 1926 1927
Delu Truda Russian Chicago; New York 1927 1939
Cultura Proletaria Spanish New York 1927 1953
L'Emancipazione Italian San Francisco 1927 1932
P'ing-teng Chinese San Francisco 1927 1929
Probuzhdenie Russian Detroit 1927 1939
L'Aurora (II) Italian Boston 1928 1930
Eresia Italian New York 1928 1932
The Rising Youth English New York 1928 1929
Alba Italian Pittsburgh 1929 1931
Tierra! Spanish New York 1930 1930?
The Clarion English New York 1932 1934
Vanguard English New York 1932 1939
Freedom (III) English New York 1933 1934
Man! English San Francisco 1933 1940
Mother Earth (II) English Craryville, NY; Stelton, NJ 1933 1934
Wu-cheng-fu kung-ch'an yüeh-k'an Chinese San Francisco 1934 1934
Spanish Revolution English New York 1936 1938
La Riscossa (II) Italian/Spanish Tampa 1936 1941
Discussion English Detroit 1937 1938
Challenge English New York 1938 1939
Gegen den Strom German New York 1938 1939
Il Pensiero Italian New York 1938 1939
Intesa Libertaria Italian New York 1939 1940

 

 

Bibliography

 

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Avrich, Paul. Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Bekken, Jon. "The First Anarchist Daily Newspaper: The Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung," Anarchist Studies 3 (1995), 3-23.

Berman, Paul. “The Torch and the Axe: The Unknown Aftermath of the Sacco-Vanzetti Affair.” The Village Voice, 17 May 1988.

[Bluestein], Abe to Molly [Steimer] & Senya [Fléchine], 3 June 1938. Senya Fléchine Papers, folder 9, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Busha, S. “Free Society.” 25 February 1921. National Archives and Records Administration, Bureau of Investigation Records, File 202600-1081.

Caminita, Ludovico. “Twenty Years of Experience in the Radical Movement,” n.d. [c. 1923], unpublished manuscript, National Archives and Records Administration, Bureau of Investigation Records, File 61-115.

Carey,George. “‘La Questione Sociale,’ an Anarchist Newspaper in Paterson, New Jersey (1895-1908).” In Lydio Tomasi, ed., Italian Americans: New Perspectives in Italian Immigration and Ethnicity. Staten Island: Center for Migration Studies, 1985.

Carlson, Andrew R. Anarchism in Germany: The Early Movement. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press, 1872.

 Cartosio, Bruno. "Italian Workers and Their Press in the United States, 1900-1920." In Christian Harzig and Dirk Hoerder, eds., The Press of Labor Migrants in Europe and North America, 1880s to 1930s (Bremen: Publications of the Labor Newspaper Preservation Archive, 1985), 423-42.

Cohn, Michel A. to [Max] Nettlau, 8 February 1935. Max Nettlau Papers, folder 307, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 

Creagh, Ronald. “Socialism in America: The French-speaking Coal Miners in the Late Nineteenth Century.” In Marianne Debouzy, ed. In the Shadow of the Statue of Liberty: Immigrants, Workers, and Citizens in the American Republic, 1880-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 143-156.

Davis, Jerome. The Russian Immigrant. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922.

De Leon, Solon, ed. American Labor Press Directory. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925.

Dolgoff, Sam. Fragments: A Memoir. Cambridge: Refract Publications, 1986.

Ghormley, Kenneth O. “The L.F.D.B.A. Celebrates Its Centennial: Anarchy at Home.” The Fortnightly Club of Redlands, California. Online at <http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/ghorm99.htm>. (Accessed 1/22/08)

Gogura, Heather. “The Agitator,” The Labor Press Project. Online at <http://depts.washington.edu/labhist/laborpress/Agitator.htm>. (Accessed 1/22/08)

Gordin, Abba. Sh. Yanovsky: zayn lebn, kemfn un shafn, 1864-1939. Los Angeles: Sh. Yanovksy Odenk Komitet, 1957.

Graur, Mina. An Anarchist “Rabbi”: The Life and Teachings of Rudolf Rocker. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Hoerder, Dirk (with Christiane Harzig), ed. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. 3 vols. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.

“Mailing List—‘Golos Truda’—Russian Nihilist Newspaper.” n.d. [c.1917]. National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, File 54235/36-C.

Martin, James J. Men against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827-1908. De Kalb: Adrian Allen Associates, 1953.

Maximov, Grigorii Petrovich to Mark Mrachnyi, 22 June 1925. Mark Mrachnyi Papers, Joseph A. Labadie Collection, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Michels, Tony. A Fire in Their Hearts: Yiddish Socialists in New York. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.

N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1885-1909.

N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual Directory. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910-1929.

N. W. Ayer & Son’s Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930-1940.

Nelson, Bruce C. “Arbeiterpresse und Arbeiterbewegung: Chicago’s Socialist and Anarchist Press, 1870-1900.” In Elliot Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, & James P. Danky, eds., The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 81-107.

Nelson, Bruce C. Beyond the Martyrs: A Social History of Chicago’s Anarchists, 1870-1900. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988.

Nold, Carl. “For Man!” Man! January 1934.

Oestreicher, Richard. “Robert Reitzel, Der Arme Teufel.” In Elliot Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, & James P. Danky, eds., The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992, 147-67.

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Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required and Curb It, Being the Report of the Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Filed April 24, 1920, in the Senate of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany: J. B. Lyon, 1920.

Sanders, Ronald. The Downtown Jews: Portraits of an Immigrant Generation. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.

Sandos, James A. Rebellion in the Borderlands: Anarchism and the Plan of San Diego, 1904-1923. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

Sanger, Margaret. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company 1938.

United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Rules. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on Charges Made Against Department of Justice by Luis F. Post and Others. 66th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1920.

Veysey, Laurence. The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Counter-Cultures in Twentieth Century America. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

 

 

 

IWW Periodical Circulation Figures, 1905-1940

 

compiled by Kenyon Zimmer

 

Key:

 

e = estimate

 

s = self-reported

 

r = recollection

 

p = private correspondence

 

 

 

Title

 

Year(s)

 

Circulation

 

Subscribers

 

Source

 

Notes

 

Ahjo

 

1919

 

500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bérmunkás

 

1925

 

6,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Fellow Worker

 

1920

 

12,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Felszabadulas

 

1919

 

800 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Golos Truzhenika

 

1919

 

1,500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

1922

 

700 e, 6,000 s

 

 

 

Davis, 126

 

Probably closer to 1,500

 

 

 

1925

 

1,400 p; 5,000 s

 

 

 

Maximov to Mrachnyi; De Leon, 11

 

De Leon definitely inflated

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrial Pioneer

 

1925

 

12,500 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrial Solidarity

 

1924

 

16,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1924, 230

 

Too high

 

 

 

1925

 

8,000 s; 16,000 e

 

 

 

De Leon, 11; N. W. Ayer 1925, 237

 

Ayer too high

 

 

 

1926

 

15,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1926, 241

 

Definitely too high

 

 

 

1927

 

5,000-6,500

 

 

 

“Minutes of Regular Session,” 13-14

 

 

 

 

 

1928

 

3,400; 4,000

 

 

 

“Minutes of Regular Session,” 13-14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrial Union Bulletin

 

1907

 

7,000

 

 

 

Brissenden, 184

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrial Unionist [IWW (EP)]

 

1925

 

4,500 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrial Worker

 

1911

 

4,000

 

 

 

Foner, 4:150

 

 

 

 

 

1912

 

c.9,000

 

 

 

Foner, 4:150

 

 

 

 

 

1917

 

11,500

 

 

 

Foner, 4:150

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

5,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industrialisti

 

1919

 

500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

Way too low

 

 

 

1920

 

10,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 1:215

 

 

 

 

 

1923

 

8,450

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1923, 1365

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

9,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 11

 

 

 

 

 

1927

 

8,823

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1927, 1429

 

 

 

 

 

1929

 

9,800

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1929, 1356

 

 

 

 

 

1930

 

9,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1930, 1256

 

 

 

 

 

1931

 

9,000 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1931, 1231

 

 

 

 

 

1932

 

8,722

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1932, 1204

 

 

 

 

 

1933

 

8,722 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1933, 1202

 

 

 

 

 

1934

 

7,850 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1934, 1170

 

 

 

 

 

1935

 

8,250

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1935, 1165

 

 

 

 

 

1936

 

8,250 e

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1936, 1161

 

 

 

 

 

1940

 

6,200

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1940, 1249

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Industriele Arbayter Shtime

 

1920

 

5,000 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jedna Velka Unie

 

1920

 

250 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

Way too low

 

 

 

1924

 

1,400

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 2:247

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

3,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Klassenkampf

 

1919

 

5,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luokkataistelu

 

1919

 

5,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marine Worker

 

1925

 

25,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

Inflated?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muncitorul

 

1919

 

150 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

La Nueva Solidaridad

 

1919

 

500 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

probably too low; see Solidaridad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The New Solidarity

 

1919

 

1,500

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Il Nuovo Proletario

 

1919

 

1,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

This seems too low; see Il Proletario

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

One Big Union Monthly

 

1919

 

6,000 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proletaras

 

1919

 

2,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Il Proletario

 

1900

 

3,000

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:102

 

 

 

 

 

1916

 

7,800

 

 

 

Hoerder, ed., 3:102

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

7,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rabotnicheska Misul           

 

1919

 

100 e

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Rebel Worker

 

1919

 

12,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:1211

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solidaridad

 

1925

 

7,500 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

 

 

 

 

1926

 

7,000

 

 

 

N. W. Ayer 1926, 1418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solidarity

 

1912

 

12,000 s

 

 

 

Foner, 4:150

 

Foner unsure of reliability of this figure

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tie Vapauteen

 

1919

 

5,000

 

 

 

Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004

 

 

 

 

 

1920

 

5,500; 3,500

 

 

 

Brown

 

 

 

 

 

1921

 

6,500

 

 

 

Brown

 

 

 

 

 

1925

 

8,000 s

 

 

 

De Leon, 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Voice of the People

 

1913

 

1,500 r

 

 

 

Hall, 169

 

 

 

 

Total IWW Periodicals in Print, 1905-1940

Note: Some start and end dates refer to the year a publication became or ceased to be an IWW paper. Additions and corrections are welcome.

 

 

Publication Language Location Began Ended
         
         
Il Proletario Italian New York 1905 1942
Il Lavoratore Industriale Italian New York 1906? 1907?
Industrial Union Bulletin English Chicago 1907 1909
Industrial Worker (I) English Spokane; Seattle 1909 1931
L'Emancipation French Lawrence, MA; Olneyville, RI 1911 1912
Solidarity (I) (cont'd as Defense News Bulletin) English Cleveland 1911 1917
 
Bérmunkás
Hungarian Chicago 1912 1946
Der Weckruf German Chciago 1912 1915?
The Wooden Shoe English Los Angeles 1912 1914?
Huelga General Spanish Los Angeles 1913 1914
The Lumber Worker/Voice of the People English Alexandria, LA; New Orleans; Portland 1913 1914?
Průmyslový Dĕlník Czech Cleveland?/Chicago? 1913 1915
Solidárność  Polish Chicago 1913 1917
Darbiniku Balsas (sp) Lithuanian Baltimore; Chicago 1914 1919
Haidamaky Russian New York 1914 1916
El Obrero Industrial  Spanish Tampa 1914 1914
Allarm Swedish Minneapolis 1915 1917?
Rabochaia riech' Russian Chicago 1915 1915?
El Rebelde Spanish Los Angeles 1915 1917
Der Yaker Yiddish Brooklyn 1915 1915?
Teollisuustyöläinen Finnish Duluth, MN 1916 1917
Buoreviestnik Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917?
Defense News Bulletin (cont'd as New Solidarity) English Chicago 1917 1918
Industrialisti Finnish Duluth, MN 1917 1975
Ipari Munkás Hungarian Chicago 1917 1917
Rabotnicheska Misul Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917
Rabotnik Bulgarian Chicago 1917 1917
Uj Taradalom Hungarian Chicago 1917 1917
Védelem Hungarian New York 1917? 1917?
Cal Defense Bulletin English San Francisco 1918 1918?
Defensa obrera Spanish Chicago 1918 1918?
A Felszabádulás Hungarian Chicago 1918 1925?
Golos Truzhenika Russian Chicago 1918 1927
The Industrial Unionist English Seattle 1919 1919?
The Labor Defender English New York 1918 1918
The New Unionist English Seattle 1918 1918?
La Nueva Solidaridad Spanish Chicago 1918 1919
The Negro Worker English New York 1918 1918?
Il Nuovo Proletario Italian Chicago 1918 1919
The New Solidarity English Chicago 1918 1920
Rebel Worker English New York 1918 1919
Ahjo Finnish Duluth, MN 1919? 1919?
Glas Radnika Croatian Chicago 1919? 1922?
One Big Union Monthly (cont'd as Industrial Pioneer) English Chicago 1919 1938
Rabotnicheska Probuda Bulgarian Chicago 1919 1920
Der Industrialer Arbayter Yiddish Chicago 1919 1919?
Muncitorul Romanian Chicago 1919? 1919?
Nya Världen Swedish Chicago 1919 1919
Proletaras Lithuanian Chicago 1919 1923
Solidaridad Spanish Chicago; New York 1919 1930
Der Klassen-Kampf German Chicago 1919 1920
Klassenkampf Yiddish New York 1919? 1919?
Het Licht Flemish Lawrence, MA 1919? 1919?
Luokkataistelu Finnish New York 1919 1919
A Luz Portuguese New Bedford, MA 1919? 1919?
Ragione Nuova Italian Providence, RI 1919? 1919?
Solidaridet Swedish Seattle 1919? 1919?
Textile Worker English Paterson 1919? 1919?
Trudovaia Mysl' Russian Chicago 1919 1919
Tie Vapauteen Finnish New York 1919 1929
La Union Industrial Spanish Pheonix 1919? 1919?
Fellow Worker English New York 1920 1920?
Industriele Arbayter Shtime Yiddish New York 1920 1920
Jedna Velká Unie Czech Chicago 1920 1931
Solidarity (II) English Chicago 1920 1921
Industrial Pioneer English Chicago 1921 1926
Industrial Solidarity English Chicago 1921 1931
The Marine Worker English New York 1921 1936
Industrialen Rabotnik Finnish Chicago 1924 1924
Industri-Arbetaren Swedish/Norwegian Seattle 1924 1925
Industrial Unionist (IWW [EP]) English Portland, OR 1925 1926
Industrijalni Radnik Croation Chicago; Duluth 1925? 1925?
Railroad Workers' Bulletin English Chicago 1925? 1925?
New Unionist (IWW [EP]) English Los Angeles 1927 1931
Machine Age English New York 1929 1929?
Industrial Worker (II) English Chicago 1931 1938
Workers Defense English Chicago 1931 1932
The Young Recruit English Detroit 1932 1932?
The Rip-Tide English Houston 1935 1935?
One Big Union Bulletin English Cleveland 1935 1935?
One Big Union Advocate English New York 1939 1939?
Darbunuku Balas Hungarian ? ? ?
Snaga Radnika Croatian Chicago ? ?
Povenetakaya Sveada [sp?] Russian Chicago ? ?
Il Lavoratore Industriale Italian New York 1906? ?

  

Bibliography

  

 

Brissenden, Paul Frederick. The I.W.W.: A Study of American Syndicalism. New York: Columbia University, 1919.

 

Brown, Roy. “‘High Spots of the 13th IWW Convention.” Industrial Pioneer, June 1921.

 

Davis, Jerome. The Russian Immigrant. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922.

 

De Leon, Solon, ed. American Labor Press Directory. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925.

 

Foner, Philip S. History of the Labor Movement in the United States, vol. 4, The Industrial Workers of the World, 1905-1917. New York: International Publishers, 1956.

 

Hall, Covington. Labor Struggles in the Deep South & Other Writings. Ed. David R. Roediger. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1999.

 

Hoerder, Dirk (with Christiane Harzig), ed. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. 3 vols. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.

 

Maximov, Grigorii Petrovich to Mark Mrachnyi, 22 June 1925. Mark Mrachnyi Papers, Joseph A. Labadie Collection, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

 

Miles, Dione. Something in Common: An IWW Bibliography. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986.

 

“Minutes of Regular Session of the General Executive Board of the Industrial Workers of the World.” 15-23 March 1928. Industrial Workers of the World Collection, box 7, folder 14, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University.

 

N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1869-1909.

 

N. W. Ayer & Son’s American Newspaper Annual Directory. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910-1929.

 

N. W. Ayer & Son’s Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals. Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930-1940.

 

Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required and Curb It, Being the Report of the Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Filed April 24, 1920, in the Senate of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany: J. B. Lyon, 1920.

 

A Note on IWW and Other Periodicals Edited by Anarchists

 

Anarchists edited more than a dozen IWW publications—many of which were explicitly anarchist in outlook—before 1940, and in 1919-20 these had a combined circulation of over 23,000.[1] They included the Finnish Luokkataistelu (Class Struggle, 1919) edited by Gus Alonen; and the Lithuanian Darbiniku Balsas (The Workers’ Voice, 1914-19) and Proletaras (Proletarian, 1919-23), both edited by the longtime anarchist Juozas Laukys. The Bulgarian Rabotnicheska Misul (Worker’s Thought) was edited by self-described Tolstoyan anarcho-syndicalist George Andreytchine (who later fled to Russia where he became a Communist and briefly served as the American representative on the Profintern), and its successor, Rabotnicheska Probuda (Worker’s Awakening, 1919-20), had its second-class matter status revoked by the authorities for its anarchist content. Spanish-speaking anarchists Herminio Gonzales and Aurelio Vicente Azuara edited Tampa’s El Obrero Industial (The Industrial Worker, 1914) and Los Angeles’ El Rebelde (The Rebel, 1915-17), respectively, and exiled Russian anarcho-syndicalist leader G. P. Maximoff, took over editorship of Golos Truzhenika (Toiler’s Voice, 1918-27) in 1924.  Meanwhile, Swedish anarcho-syndicalist John Sandgren edited both Nya Världen (The New World, 1919) and the English-language One Big Union Monthly from 1919-20, until his outspoken criticisms of the Russian Bolshevik regime, based on reports in the European anarchist press, resulted in his removal. His fellow Swedish anarchist Gustav E. Bergman, however, later edited Seattle’s Industri-Arbetaren (Industrial Worker, 1924-25), while birth-control advocate and Socialist-turned-anarchist Frederick A. Blossom edited The Labor Defender (1918).[2]

    Other trade union papers edited by anarchists include the International Ladie's Garment Workers' Union organ Justice, edited by longtime Fraye Arbeter Shtime editor Saul Yanovsky beginning in 1919, then by fellow Jewish anarchist Simon Farber. The Hotel Worker, paper of the revolutionary syndicalist International Federation of Workers in the Hotel, Restaurant, Club, and Catering Industries, was edited by the anarchist Jack Isaacson, and had a circulation of 15,000 in 1920 and 7,000 in 1925 (Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004; De Leon, 10). Within the Yiddish-language press Philadelphia's Di Idishe Velt (The Jewish World, 1914-42) was founded and edited by socialists and anarchists in its early years, and Russian Revolution veteran Abba Gordin edited the literary journal Yidishe Shriftn (Yiddish Writing, 1936-57), while anarchsits also frequently wrote for the socialist Forverts, independent Der Tog, and socialist-territorialist papers. The editors of the free-thought The Truth Seeker and the magazine Twentieth Century both became avowed anarchists for a time near the turn of the century and reflected this in their publications' content, as did Little Review editor Magaret Anderson. Finally, The Catholic Worker was founded in 1933 by self-identified Catholic anarchists Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin and carried an implicitly Christian anarchist viewpoint through most of its existence. With a circulation that soared to 185,000 by 1940, it was far and away the largest-circulating anarchist-influenced publication in the history of America and, perhaps, the world, excluding Spain.



[1] See Revolutionary Radicalism, 2:2004-2006. A circulation of approximately 10,000 for The Labor Defender (1918) has been estimated based off of that of its successor, The Fellow Worker, which had a circulation of 12,000 in 1919-20 (2:2004).

[2] Revolutionary Radicalism, ; Hoerder, Immigrant Labor Press, 2:161, 174, 456, 457; 3:180, 182; 1: 96, 162; [John Sandgren], “Wrangel and the Bolsheviki,” One Big Union Monthly, December 1920; “Removal of Editor of the One Big Union Monthly,” One Big Union Monthly, January 1921; The Labor Defender (New York), 1918.

 

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